I-Bloomden PEEK - enye indlela engenansimbi kubuchwepheshe bamazinyo

Ukwethulwa kwe-Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

I-Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) yinto yokwenziwa ye-polymer yezinyo yokwenziwa esetshenziswe njenge-biomaterial ku-orthopedics iminyaka eminingi. Ngo-1978, kwaba yasungulwa iqembu lososayensi baseBrithani. Kamuva i-PEEK yathengiswa ngezicelo zezimboni. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, i-PEEK yayibalulekile ikhandidethi elisebenza kahle kakhulu le-thermoplastic ukuze lingene esikhundleni sokufakelwa kwensimbi izingxenye.

Izicelo

• PEEK Imiqhele

Ukufaka i-sulfuric acid kudala indawo eguquguqukayo yamakhemikhali ivumela ukuthi ihlangane ngokuphumelelayo nezinhlanganisela ze-hydrophobic resin. Bekuyi waphawula ukuthi amandla ebhondi yokugunda ukuze enze usimende oyinhlanganisela ayephezulu kakhulu 15.3 7.2 MPa ngemva kokugcinwa emanzini ku-3780 C isikhathi esingama-60–90 s anesulfuric ukufakwa kwe-asidi. Ukuhlanganisa nge-Piranha Acid kanye nokusebenzisa ama-Adhesive Reagents kuye kwaba kuboniswa ukukhiqiza amandla ebhondi ehlanganisiwe ye-resin efinyelela ku-23.4+/-9.9MPa kumasampula amadala we-PEEK. Kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile kusibopho esiqinile amandla phakathi kwemiqhele ye-PEEK kanye ne-dentin abutments kusetshenziswa i-air abrasion kanye amasu etching sulfuric acid. Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-PEEK ingasetshenziswa njenge i-capping material ngaphansi kwezinhlanganisela ze-resin.

• Ukushintsha kwe-PEEK

Uma kucatshangelwa i-biocompatibility eyanele, ama-abutments okwelapha okufakelwa angaba yakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-PEEK. I-bone resorption kanye nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile akuzange kwenzeke zihluke kakhulu phakathi kwe-PEEK ne-titanium abutments. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngomlomo I-microflora enamathiselwe kuma-abutments e-PEEK yayiqhathaniswa nama-abutments enziwe i-titanium, i-zirconia, ne-polymethyl methacrylate. Ukulinganisa okuseduze kwe- i-elastic modulus yethambo endaweni ye-PEEK kunciphisa ukuvikela ukucindezeleka umphumela futhi ukhuthaze ukuguqulwa kwamathambo. Ngakho-ke, i-PEEK ingabonakala isebenzayo esikhundleni se-titanium yokwakha izinsimbi zokufakelwa.

• I-PEEK kuma-Prostheses akhishwayo

Amazinyo okufakelwa endabuko akhiphekayo (RDPs) anamafreyimu nama-clasp e-chrome-cobalt ziye zavela njengendlela yokwelashwa engabizi futhi ebikezelwayo ye ukuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo zeziguli ezine-edentulouse ingxenye. Okungamukeleki ngobuhle ukwethulwa kwezinsimbi zensimbi, isisindo esandayo se-prosthesis, i amandla okunambitha kwensimbi, nokungezwani komzimba nezinsimbi kuholele ekutheni ukwethulwa kwezinto eziningi ze-thermoplastic, njenge-nylon ne-acetal resins, ekusebenzeni komtholampilo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, enye i-prosthetic impahla (PEEK) isetshenziswe ngempumelelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ku amathambo. Impahla ye-PEEK eguquliwe ene-ceramic filler engu-20% iphezulu ukusebenza kwe-polymer ene-biocompatibility ephezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, eziphakeme ukumelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa ye-elastic modulus yayo 4 GPa, iyanwebeka njengethambo, inciphisa ukucindezeleka okudluliselwa ku- abutment. Ukwengeza, umbala omhlophe wohlaka lwe-PEEK unikeza okuhlukile indlela yobuhle kunemibukiso yefreyimu yensimbi yendabuko. Ezinye izinzuzo ze le nto ye-polymer isusa ukungezwani komzimba nokunambitheka kwensimbi, izinga eliphezulu lokupholisha, ukuhambisana kwe-plaque okuphansi kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuhuzuka.

• Izintambo ze-PEEK orthodontic

I-PEEK ingasetshenziswa njengocingo lwe-aesthetic orthodontic. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ama-polymers, afana ne-polyvinylsulfone (PES) kanye ne-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Izintambo ze-PEEK orthodontic zinikeza amandla aphezulu e-orthodontic. I-orthodontic efanayo amandla atholwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-titanium-molybdenum ne-nickel-titanium izintambo.

• Ukufakwa kwe-PEEK

Ngawo-1960, izimila zamazinyo ezifakwe ngaphakathi zazivame ukwenziwa ngensimbi emsulwa i-titanium ne-titanium alloys. Nakuba izimila ze-titanium zisekelwa yi-a inani elikhulu lobufakazi bocwaningo lokuhlolwa nolwezempilo, busekhona ezinye izinkinga ekusebenziseni kwabo emtholampilo. Enye iwukuzwela okungaba khona kwe titanium. Okwesibili, uma kuqhathaniswa nezicubu zethambo lomuntu, i-elastic modulus ye i-titanium iphezulu kakhulu, ethambekele ekulungisweni kabusha noma ekulahlekeni kwezicubu zamathambo. Okwesithathu, izimila zensimbi azikwazi ukudlulisa ukukhanya, okuthinta ukubukeka.

Ngo-1998, inkampani yaseBrithani i-Invibio yethula izimila ze-PEEK. Ngokufika kokufakwa kwe-PEEK kwezohwebo, ucwaningo oluhlobene luye lwanda kancane kancane. I-PEK futhi izinto zayo eziguquliwe zinezakhiwo ezinhle. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi i-PEEK ama-implants angagwema ukwenzeka kwemiphumela yokuvikela ukucindezeleka, futhi angakwazi ngisho buyisela izimila zensimbi ekuhlinzeni ngepulasitiki, ukuhlinzwa kwe-trauma nezinye izinkambu.

Izinzuzo

1. I-Biocompatibility - I-biocompatibility ye-PEEK ifakazelwe, nge izifundo eziningi eziqinisekisa ukungabi nobuthi bayo. Ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa ezinkulungwaneni iziguli, i-PEEK ihlala iyisinqumo esihle uma iqhathaniswa nezinsimbi, ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba kufika ku-15% wabantu.

Izingxenye ze-PEEK zisetshenziselwa izimila zomgogodla, amadivaysi okulungisa ukuhlukumezeka, i-hip kanye ukushintshwa kwamadolo, nezinye izinto zokwelapha. Kunoma yikuphi, akukho mbuzo mayelana nokuphepha kwe-PEEK emzimbeni.

2. Izakhiwo zemishini - I-PEEK inesilinganiso esihle kakhulu samandla nesisindo, okubaluleke kakhulu izimila zamazinyo kanye namadivayisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa insimbi, i-PEEK ilula futhi inethezekile esigulini. Lokhu kwanezela induduzo futhi ayifaki engcupheni ukuqina, njengoba i-PEEK ingamelana ne-abrasive futhi amandla okucindezela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho bawo. Le polymer ayinamandla ukugqwala futhi imunca umswakama ngezinga elincane, ngakho ingahlala iminyaka ngaphandle kokwehliswa kokusebenza.

3. Amandla okwenza imishini-Odokotela bamazinyo bathembele kumklamo osizwa ngekhompyutha (CAD) kanye nokwenza imishini (CAM) kunangaphambili, futhi i-PEEK ilungele lokho. Okubalulekile Isici semishini yesimanje yamazinyo ifana ncamashi nokwakheka kwesiguli, futhi i-CAD/CAM iyadingeka ukuze uyidale. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi izophumula ngokunethezeka, isebenza kahle futhi isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Uma i-PEEK yenziwe ngomshini ngokucaciswa komkhiqizi, izogcina yayo izakhiwo ngemuva kokugaya. Lokhu kuzinza okungeziwe kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu phakathi nesigaba sokuklama futhi kwenza kube lula ngodokotela bamazinyo ukuhlomisa iziguli zabo ngemishini yangokwezifiso.

Ukuhambisana okulula kwe-PEEK nezindlela ze-CAD/CAM kusho nokuthi ingacutshungulwa ngokushesha futhi ngokungaguquki. Ngamafuphi, amadivayisi we-PEEK angakhiqizwa ngokuthembekile futhi ngokushesha.

4. Ukuvumelana nezimo - Le polymer esebenza kakhulu ihlala isikhathi eside kodwa ayiqini. Nini ingagcwalisiwe, ihlinzeka nge-modulus efana nethambo le-cortical, okwenza i-PEEK ibe namandla, izinto zamazinyo eziguquguqukayo. Ngokuguquguquka kwayo okwengeziwe, i-PEEK izizwa ingokwemvelo ku- umlomo futhi uhlala unwebeka ngisho nangemva kweminyaka yokuluma nokuhlafuna. Imishini yamazinyo kumele igcine isimo sayo ngenkathi ingaphansi kwengcindezi engapheli, futhi i-PEEK ingenye yazo ama-polymers amahle kakhulu kulokhu.

5. I-Radiolucent - I-modulus efana nethambo kanye ne-radiolucency ye-PEEK zimbili izakhiwo eziheha ukunaka kwabacwaningi bezokwelapha ekuqaleni I-PEEK, futhi ihlala ingenye yezakhiwo ezivelele ze-polymer. Kwakamuva iminyaka, ucwaningo ngokufakelwa kwamazinyo kwe-PEEK lubonise ukuthi impahla inakho amandla amakhulu kulo mkhakha.

I-radiolucency ye-PEEK iyimpahla ebalulekile uma impahla isetshenziswa noma iyiphi inqubo yokufakelwa. Uma isifakiwe, i-polymer ngeke ibonakale phazamisa i-X-ray, i-CT noma i-MRI scan. Njengoba i-X-ray ibalulekile kumazinyo ukuxilongwa, ukungaboni kahle kwe-PEEK esithombeni kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi odokotela bamazinyo bangakwazi ukwenza kwabo umsebenzi wokuqapha impilo yesiguli. Lapho i-radiolucency ephakeme ye-PEEK ingaba khona kubonakala njengesithiyo, i-polymer ingathuthukiswa ngezithasiselo ezifana ne-barium sulfate ukudala umehluko ongcono.

6. I-Aesthetics - Njengoba i-PEEK ingenziwa kalula ibe yizimo ngokwezifiso, kungaba umbala ifaniswe ngokunembile nesiguli. Ngokuphambene, izinsimbi zivame akunakwenzeka ukucasha emlonyeni, okuwukukhathazeka kweziguli.

I-PEEK into yamazinyo ehlangana kalula emlonyeni ngenxa yombala wayo ingashintshwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ngisho namazinyo okufakelwa agcwele angenziwa ngokwemvelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli ziyakwazi ukukhuluma, ukumamatheka nokudla ngokuzethemba.

7. Ukunambitheka kokungathathi hlangothi - Enye inkinga ngezinsimbi zensimbi ukuthi zinikeza ukunambitheka kwensimbi ezigulini eziningi. Akuyona indaba yezempilo, kodwa ihlala njalo ukukhungatheka ezigulini ezingafuni ukukhunjuzwa ukuthi zinamazinyo okufakelwa noma amafreyimu.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ungangabazi ukubonana nempahla ye-PEEK evela ezintweni zamazinyo ze-Bloomden umphakeli.